@article{fdi:010022922,
  title = {{R}ainfall characteristics (delta18{O}, delta2{H}, {D}elta{T} and {D}elta{H}r) in {W}estern {A}frica : regional scale and influence of irrigated areas},
  author = {{T}aupin, {J}ean-{D}enis and {C}oudrain-{R}ibstein, {A}. and {G}allaire, {R}obert and {Z}uppi, {G}.{M}. and {F}illy, {A}.},
  editor = {},
  language = {{ENG}},
  abstract = {{A} summary of previous isotopic studies of rainfall in western {A}frica (0°-17°{N} ; 0°-15°{E}) together with the isotopic analyses of rainfall events from 15 stations in 1989 shows that (1) the {G}ulf of {G}uinea is the main source of water vapor in the {S}udan-{S}ahelian zone (minimum of monthly mean of delta18{O} contemporaneous with the heart of the monsoon), (2) the reevaporated water from previous local rainfalls is an important source of water vapor of subsequent rainfalls (lack of continental effect, where the majority of rain events present isotopic signature either evaporated or fed by evaporated water), and (3) no isotopic data support the {I}ndian {O}cean as a source of vapor. {I}sotopic ratios combined with variations of temperature and relative humidity associated with rain events in 1989 mirror the increasing aridity from south to north and from west to east. {H}owever, a {S}ahelian station, {B}irni {N}'{K}onni, presents all the features of a humid station with a large contribution of continental vapor (60% of rain events with d greater than 10 per thousand, -2{K} smaller than delta{T} smaller than 2{K} and delta{H}r smaller than 10%). {T}his observation can be attributed to continental vapor originating from irrigated fields 100 km upstream of the dominant monsoon currents, in the {S}okoto valley of {N}igeria. {T}his is corroborated by the difference in the evolution of rainfall amounts and relative humidity at {N}iamey and {B}irni {N}'{K}onni since 1951, signaling an important effect of land use changes on regional climate conditions. ({R}{\'e}sum{\'e} d'auteur)},
  keywords = {{PRECIPITATION} ; {PLUIE} ; {EVAPORATION} ; {TEMPERATURE} ; {HUMIDITE} {RELATIVE} ; {ANALYSE} {ISOTOPIQUE} ; {DEUTERIUM} ; {DISTRIBUTION} {SPATIALE} ; {FACTEUR} {ANTHROPIQUE} ; {UTILISATION} {DU} {SOL} ; {IRRIGATION} ; {RESERVOIR} ; {ETUDE} {D}'{IMPACT} ; {ZONE} {SOUDANOSAHELIENNE} ; {AFRIQUE} {DE} {L}'{OUEST} ; {NIGER} ; {BENIN} ; {BIRNI} {N}'{KONNI}},
  booktitle = {},
  journal = {{J}ournal of {G}eophysical {R}esearch},
  volume = {105},
  numero = {{D}9},
  pages = {11,911--11,924},
  ISSN = {0148-0227},
  year = {2000},
  DOI = {10.1029/1999{JD}901032},
  URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010022922},
}