@article{fdi:010008042,
  title = {{D}iel variability of school structure with special reference to transition periods},
  author = {{F}r{\'e}on, {P}ierre and {G}erlotto, {F}ran{\c{c}}ois and {S}oria, {M}arc},
  editor = {},
  language = {{ENG}},
  abstract = {{P}elagic fishes generally dispers at dusk and aggregate in schools at dawn. {T}he dynamics (duration, variation in school number, and characteristics) of these two behavioural processes have been studied during a 26 h survey in a small area of high fish abundance in the {C}atalan {S}ea ({S}pain). {T}he dynamics of aggregation and dispersion were investigated using a dual-beam vertical echo-sounder ({B}io{S}onics) connected to a special school integrator software package ({INES}-{MOVIES}-{B}) which estimates school parameters in terms of size, geometry, and density. {T}his study shows that, during the night, fish dispersion is limited and schools can still be observed. {T}hey are characterized by a highly skewed distribution of the cross-sectional area (many small schools plus a few medium and large schools), low values of packing density and biomass, and irregular shape, while during the day there are only a few schools which have a lower variability of the area, high values of packing density, and a more regular shape. {T}he dynamics of schooling are different between dawn (fast aggregation) and dusk (slower dispersion). ({R}{\'e}sum{\'e} d'auteur)},
  keywords = {{POISSON} {MARIN} ; {ESPECE} {PELAGIQUE} ; {COMPORTEMENT} {SOCIAL} ; {RYTHME} {NYCTHEMERAL} ; {SONAR} ; {BANC} {DE} {POISSONS} ; {MEDITERRANEE}},
  booktitle = {},
  journal = {{ICES} {J}ournal of {M}arine {S}cience},
  volume = {53},
  numero = {},
  pages = {459--464},
  ISSN = {1054-3139},
  year = {1996},
  DOI = {10.1006/jmsc.1996.0065},
  URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010008042},
}