@article{fdi:010007847,
  title = {{W}ing symmetry and flight activity},
  author = {{S}oares, {R}.{P}.{P}. and {D}ujardin, {J}ean-{P}ierre and {S}chofield, {C}.{J}. and {D}iotaiuti, {L}.},
  editor = {},
  language = {{ENG}},
  abstract = {{W}e compared bilateral structures (wings) of flying versus non-flying insects in two lines of #{P}. megistus$ which differed only by their laboratory maintenance time : {PM}1 (more than five generations in insectarium) and {PM}2 (one or two generations under laboratory conditions). {I}nsects were processed according to {S}chofield (1980) and observed through a period of 30 days. {D}uring this time the insects that had flight (gf, for "good" flyers) and their wings extracted for morphometry. {A}t the end of this period the same number of insects that did not fly (bf, for "bad" flyers), were used as a control and submitted to the same analysis. {F}luctuating asymmetry ({FA}) was estimated at nine distances ({A}, {B}, {C}, {D}, {E}, {H}, 1, 2 and 3). {FA} occurs as a result of random deviations in the developement of bilaterally symmetric traits, and is considered as a useful trait for monitoring stress in the laboratory and in natural environments ({P}arsons, 1990). {F}or each sample, {FA} values were calculated for each character as the sum of the squared signed differences between sides divided by the number of individuals sampled, i.e., (({L}i-{R}i)2)/{N}). {T}his is equivalent to index 5 of {P}almer and {S}trobek (1986) which they state is best able to discriminate true differences in {FA}. {A}s the index to estimate asymmetry is a variance, differences between samples were tested for significance using tests of homogeneity of variances ({H}o : s1=s2). {D}ue to low sample size, statistical analysis was not applied to {PM}2 females (only two individuals). {T}he {PM}1 bf females (6 insects) were more asymmetric than their gf counterparts (5 insects) at four wings traits (2,3 in {PM}1 and 2 in {PM}2) (gf=7 insects and bf=7 insects). {C}onversely, one character out of nine was found more asymmetric in gf either from {PM}1 (character 3 for {PM}1 females and {E} for {PM}1 males) or {PM}2 males (character {D}). ({R}{\'e}sum{\'e} d'auteur)},
  keywords = {{BIOLOGIE} ; {ETHOLOGIE} ; {ANATOMIE} {ANIMALE} ; {VOL} ; {AILE} ; {SYMETRIE}},
  booktitle = {},
  journal = {{M}emorias do {I}nstituto {O}swaldo {C}ruz},
  volume = {91},
  numero = {no sp{\'e}cial},
  pages = {143},
  ISSN = {0074-0276},
  year = {1996},
  URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010007847},
}