@inproceedings{fdi:010007010,
  title = {{I}nsecticide resistance, mechanisms and gene flow in {C}ulex quinquefasciatus from {W}est {A}frica},
  author = {{C}handre, {F}abrice and {D}arriet, {F}r{\'e}d{\'e}ric and {D}oannio, {J}.{M}.{C}. and {P}asteur, {N}. and {G}uillet, {P}ierre},
  editor = {},
  language = {{ENG}},
  abstract = {{L}arval susceptibility to organophosphates ({OP}), carbamates ({CARB}) and pyrethroids ({PYR}) was investigated in #{C}ulex quinquefasciatus$ from {C}{\^o}te d'{I}voire and {B}urkina {F}aso. {A} total of 33 populations collected in 25 cities were tested. {T}he resistance of these natural field populations was compared to a susceptible reference strain under the same conditions. {I}n {C}{\^o}te d'{I}voire, populations showed a heterogeneous response to {OP} and {CARB}. {A} range of 40 %-98 % of larvae had a low resistance level to both chlorpyrifos (2-8x) and propoxur (1-4x). {T}he remaining 2 % to 60 % of larvae displayed a high level of cross-resistance between chlorpyrifos (15-30x) and propoxur (>700x). {B}iochemical studies showed that low level resistance to {OP} was due to {A}2-{B}2 overproduced esterases and that cross-resistance to {OP} and {CARB} was conferred by an insensitive acetylcholinesterase ({AC}h{E}). {T}his {AC}h{E} provided a lower resistance to temephos (10x). {I}n {B}urkina {F}aso, populations were slightly resistant to {OP} (1-3x) and not to {CARB}. {T}he esterases {A}2-{B}2 were only present at 50 % frequency. {I}n contrast, {PYR}-resistance was similar between the two countries. {A}ll populations were resistant to either permethrin (20-80x) and deltamethrin (15-40x). {B}ioassays using piperonyl butoxide ({PB}) and biochemical studies showed that {PYR}-resistance involved increased metabolism by mixed function oxidases. {K}nowing that synergism of {PB} did not completely suppress resistance and that adults did not show a knockdown effect with high permethrin concentrations, it is likely that {PYR}-resistance was also due to a {K}dr gene. ({R}{\'e}sum{\'e} d'auteur)},
  keywords = {{ENTOMOLOGIE} {MEDICALE} ; {INSECTICIDE} {CHIMIQUE} ; {RESISTANCE} ; {VARIABILITE} {GENETIQUE} ; {POLYMORPHISME} {ENZYMATIQUE} ; {COTE} {D}'{IVOIRE} ; {BURKINA} {FASO}},
  numero = {},
  pages = {640},
  booktitle = {{P}roceedings of the 2nd international conference on insect pests in the urban environment},
  year = {1996},
  ISBN = {0-952-18241-6},
  URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/fdi:010007010},
}