@article{PAR00014990,
  title = {{W}ave climate in the {A}rctic 1992-2014 : seasonality and trends},
  author = {{S}topa, {J}. {E}. and {A}rdhuin, {F}abrice and {G}irard-{A}rdhuin, {F}.},
  editor = {},
  language = {{ENG}},
  abstract = {{O}ver the past decade, the diminishing {A}rctic sea ice has impacted the wave field, which depends on the ice-free ocean and wind. {T}his study characterizes the wave climate in the {A}rctic spanning 1992-2014 from a merged altimeter data set and a wave hindcast that uses {CFSR} winds and ice concentrations from satellites as input. {T}he model performs well, verified by the altimeters, and is relatively consistent for climate studies. {T}he wave seasonality and extremes are linked to the ice coverage, wind strength, and wind direction, creating distinct features in the wind seas and swells. {T}he altimeters and model show that the reduction of sea ice coverage causes increasing wave heights instead of the wind. {H}owever, trends are convoluted by interannual climate oscillations like the {N}orth {A}tlantic {O}scillation ( {NAO}) and {P}acific {D}ecadal {O}scillation. {I}n the {N}ordic {G}reenland {S}ea the {NAO} influences the decreasing wind speeds and wave heights. {S}wells are becoming more prevalent and wind-sea steepness is declining. {T}he satellite data show the sea ice minimum occurs later in fall when the wind speeds increase. {T}his creates more favorable conditions for wave development. {T}herefore we expect the ice freeze-up in fall to be the most critical season in the {A}rctic and small changes in ice cover, wind speeds, and wave heights can have large impacts to the evolution of the sea ice throughout the year. {I}t is inconclusive how important wave-ice processes are within the climate system, but selected events suggest the importance of waves within the marginal ice zone.},
  keywords = {{ARCTIQUE}},
  booktitle = {},
  journal = {{C}ryosphere},
  volume = {10},
  numero = {4},
  pages = {1605--1629},
  ISSN = {1994-0416},
  year = {2016},
  DOI = {10.5194/tc-10-1605-2016},
  URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/{PAR}00014990},
}