@article{PAR00014301,
  title = {{B}-cell non-{H}odgkin lymphoma linked to {C}oxiella burnetii},
  author = {{M}elenotte, {C}. and {M}illion, {M}. and {A}udoly, {G}. and {G}orse, {A}. and {D}utronc, {H}. and {R}oland, {G}. and {D}ekel, {M}. and {M}oreno, {A}. and {C}ammilleri, {S}. and {C}arrieri, {M}. {P}. and {P}rotopopescu, {C}. and {R}uminy, {P}. and {L}epidi, {H}. and {N}adel, {B}. and {M}ege, {J}. {L}. and {X}erri, {L}. and {R}aoult, {D}idier},
  editor = {},
  language = {{ENG}},
  abstract = {{B}acteria can induce human lymphomas, whereas lymphoproliferative disorders have been described in patients with {Q} fever. {W}e observed a lymphoma in a patient with {Q} fever that prompted us to investigate the association between the 2 diseases. {W}e screened 1468 consecutive patients of the 2004 to 2014 {F}rench {N}ational {R}eferral {C}enter for {Q} fever database. {T}he standardized incidence ratios ({SIR}s) of diffuse large {B}-cell lymphoma ({DLBCL}) and follicular lymphoma ({FL}) were calculated comparatively to the 2012 {F}rancim {R}egistry. {T}he presence of {C}oxiella burnetii was tested using immunofluorescence and fluorescence in situ hybridization using a specific 16{S} ribosomal {RNA} probe and genomic {DNA} probe. {S}even patients (0.48%) presented mature {B}-cell lymphoma consisting of 6 {DLBCL} and 1 {FL}. {A}n excess risk of {DLBCL} and {FL} was found in {Q} fever patients compared with the general population ({SIR} [95% confidence interval], 25.4 [11.4-56.4] and 6.7 [0.9-47.9], respectively). {C} burnetii was detected in {CD}68(+) macrophages within both lymphoma and lymphadenitis tissues but localization in {CD}123(+) plasmacytoid dendritic cells (p{DC}s) was found only in lymphoma tissues. {Q} fever patients with persistent focalized infection were found more at risk of lymphoma (hazard ratio, 9.35 [1.10-79.4]). {I}nterleukin-10 ({IL}10) overproduction ({P} = .0003) was found in patients developing lymphoma. {T}hese results suggest that {C} burnetii should be added to the list of bacteria that promote human {B}-cell non-{H}odgkin lymphoma, possibly by the infection of p{DC}s and {IL}10 overproduction. {S}creening for early lymphoma diagnosis should be considered in the management of patients with {Q} fever, especially those with persistent focalized infections.},
  keywords = {},
  booktitle = {},
  journal = {{B}lood},
  volume = {127},
  numero = {1},
  pages = {113--121},
  ISSN = {0006-4971},
  year = {2016},
  DOI = {10.1182/blood-2015-04-639617},
  URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/{PAR}00014301},
}