@article{PAR00014175,
  title = {{E}ffect of temperature, food availability, and estradiol injection on gametogenesis and gender in the pearl oyster {P}inctada margaritifera},
  author = {{T}eaniniuraitemoana, {V}. and {L}epretre, {M}. and {L}evy, {P}. and {V}anaa, {V}. and {P}arrad, {S}. and {G}aertner-{M}azouni, {N}abila and {G}ueguen, {Y}. and {H}uvet, {A}. and {L}e {M}oullac, {G}.},
  editor = {},
  language = {{ENG}},
  abstract = {{T}he black-lip pearl oyster {P}inctada margaritifera is a protandrous hermaphrodite species. {I}ts economic value has led to the development of controlled hatchery reproduction techniques, although many aspects remain to be optimized. {I}n order to understand reproductive mechanisms and their controlling factors, two independent experiments were designed to test hypotheses of gametogenesis and sex ratio control by environmental and hormonal factors. {I}n one, pearl oysters were exposed under controlled conditions at different combinations of temperature (24 and 28 degrees {C}) and food level (10,000 and 40,000 cells m{L}(-1)); whereas in the other, pearl oysters were conditioned under natural conditions into the lagoon and subjected to successive 17-estradiol injections (100g per injection). {G}ametogenesis and sex ratio were assessed by histology for each treatment. {I}n parallel, m{RNA} expressions of nine marker genes of the sexual pathway (pmarg-foxl2, pmarg-c43476, pmarg-c45042, pmarg-c19309, pmarg-c54338, pmarg-vit6, pmarg-zglp1, pmarg-dmrt, and pmarg-fem1-like) were investigated. {M}aximum maturation was observed in the treatment combining the highest temperature (28 degrees {C}) and the highest microalgae concentration (40,000 cells m{L}(-1)), where the female sex tended to be maintained. {I}njection of 17-estradiol induced a significant increase of undetermined stage proportion 2 weeks after the final injection. {T}hese results suggest that gametogenesis and gender in adult pearl oysters can be controlled by environmental factors and estrogens. {W}hile there were no significant effects on relative gene expression, the 3-gene-pair expression ratio model of the sexual pathway of {P}. margaritifera, suggest a probable dominance of genetic sex determinism without excluding a mixed sex determination mode (genetic+environmental).},
  keywords = {},
  booktitle = {},
  journal = {{J}ournal of {E}xperimental {Z}oology {P}art a-{E}cological {G}enetics and {P}hysiology},
  volume = {325},
  numero = {1},
  pages = {13--24},
  ISSN = {1932-5223},
  year = {2016},
  DOI = {10.1002/jez.1992},
  URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/{PAR}00014175},
}