@article{PAR00013853,
  title = {{A}nalysis and interpretation of frequency-wavenumber spectra of young wind waves},
  author = {{L}eckler, {F}. and {A}rdhuin, {F}abrice and {P}eureux, {C}. and {B}enetazzo, {A}. and {B}ergamasco, {F}. and {D}ulov, {V}.},
  editor = {},
  language = {{ENG}},
  abstract = {{T}he energy level and its directional distribution are key observations for understanding the energy balance in the wind-wave spectrum between wind-wave generation, nonlinear interactions, and dissipation. {H}ere, properties of gravity waves are investigated from a fixed platform in the {B}lack {S}ea, equipped with a stereo video system that resolves waves with frequency f up to 1.4 {H}z and wavelengths from 0.6 to 11 m. {O}ne representative record is analyzed, corresponding to young wind waves with a peak frequency f(p) = 0.33 {H}z and a wind speed of 13 m s(-1). {T}hese measurements allow for a separation of the linear waves from the bound second-order harmonics. {T}hese harmonics are negligible for frequencies f up to 3 times f(p) but account for most of the energy at higher frequencies. {T}he full spectrum is well described by a combination of linear components and the second-order spectrum. {I}n the range 2f(p) to 4f(p), the full frequency spectrum decays like f(-5), which means a steeper decay of the linear spectrum. {T}he directional spectrum exhibits a very pronounced bimodal distribution, with two peaks on either side of the wind direction, separated by 150 degrees at 4f(p). {T}his large separation is associated with a significant amount of energy traveling in opposite directions and thus sources of underwater acoustic and seismic noise. {T}he magnitude of these sources can be quantified by the overlap integral {I}(f), which is found to increase sharply from less than 0.01 at f = 2f(p) to 0.11 at f = 4f(p) and possibly up to 0.2 at f = 5f(p), close to the 0.5 value proposed in previous studies.},
  keywords = {{C}irculation ; {D}ynamics ; {W}aves oceanic ; {O}bservational techniques and algorithms ; {R}emote sensing ; {MER} {NOIRE}},
  booktitle = {},
  journal = {{J}ournal of {P}hysical {O}ceanography},
  volume = {45},
  numero = {10},
  pages = {2484--2496},
  ISSN = {0022-3670},
  year = {2015},
  DOI = {10.1175/jpo-d-14-0237.1},
  URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/{PAR}00013853},
}