@article{PAR00013190,
  title = {{O}n the reduced sensitivity of the {A}tlantic overturning to {G}reenland ice sheet melting in projections: a multi-model assessment},
  author = {{S}wingedouw, {D}. and {R}odehacke, {C}. {B}. and {O}lsen, {S}. {M}. and {M}enary, {M}. and {G}ao, {Y}. {Q}. and {M}ikolajewicz, {U}. and {M}ignot, {J}uliette},
  editor = {},
  language = {{ENG}},
  abstract = {{L}arge uncertainties exist concerning the impact of {G}reenland ice sheet melting on the {A}tlantic meridional overturning circulation ({AMOC}) in the future, partly due to different sensitivity of the {AMOC} to freshwater input in the {N}orth {A}tlantic among climate models. {H}ere we analyse five projections from different coupled ocean-atmosphere models with an additional 0.1 {S}v (1 {S}v = 10(6) m(3)/s) of freshwater released around {G}reenland between 2050 and 2089. {W}e find on average a further weakening of the {AMOC} at 26 degrees {N} of 1.1 +/- 0.6 {S}v representing a 27 +/- 14 % supplementary weakening in 2080-2089, as compared to the weakening relative to 2006-2015 due to the effect of the external forcing only. {T}his weakening is lower than what has been found with the same ensemble of models in an identical experimental set-up but under recent historical climate conditions. {T}his lower sensitivity in a warmer world is explained by two main factors. {F}irst, a tendency of decoupling is detected between the surface and the deep ocean caused by an increased thermal stratification in the {N}orth {A}tlantic under the effect of global warming. {T}his induces a shoaling of ocean deep ventilation through convection hence ventilating only intermediate levels. {T}he second important effect concerns the so-called {C}anary {C}urrent freshwater leakage; a process by which additionally released freshwater in the {N}orth {A}tlantic leaks along the {C}anary {C}urrent and escapes the convection zones towards the subtropical area. {T}his leakage is increasing in a warming climate, which is a consequence of decreasing gyres asymmetry due to changes in {E}kman pumping. {W}e suggest that these modifications are related with the northward shift of the jet stream in a warmer world. {F}or these two reasons the {AMOC} is less susceptible to freshwater perturbations (near the deep water formation sides) in the {N}orth {A}tlantic as compared to the recent historical climate conditions. {F}inally, we propose a bilinear model that accounts for the two former processes to give a conceptual explanation about the decreasing {AMOC} sensitivity due to freshwater input. {W}ithin the limit of this bilinear model, we find that 62 +/- 8 % of the reduction in sensitivity is related with the changes in gyre asymmetry and freshwater leakage and 38 +/- 8 % is due to the reduction in deep ocean ventilation associated with the increased stratification in the {N}orth {A}tlantic.},
  keywords = {{G}reenland ice sheet melting ; {T}hermohaline circulation ; {O}ceanic gyre ; {O}cean-atmosphere interactions ; {O}ceanic dynamics ; {S}ea-level rise ; {AMOC} ; {N}orth {A}tlantic ; {GROENLAND} ; {ATLANTIQUE} {NORD}},
  booktitle = {},
  journal = {{C}limate {D}ynamics},
  volume = {44},
  numero = {11-12},
  pages = {3261--3279},
  ISSN = {0930-7575},
  year = {2015},
  DOI = {10.1007/s00382-014-2270-x},
  URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/{PAR}00013190},
}