@article{PAR00012719,
  title = {{HIV} infection en route to endogenization : two cases},
  author = {{C}olson, {P}. and {R}avaux, {I}. and {T}amalet, {C}. and {G}lazunova, {O}. and {B}aptiste, {E}. and {C}habriere, {E}. and {W}iedemann, {A}. and {L}acabaratz, {C}. and {C}hefrour, {M}. and {P}icard, {C}. and {S}tein, {A}. and {L}evy, {Y}. and {R}aoult, {D}idier},
  editor = {},
  language = {{ENG}},
  abstract = {{T}he long-term spontaneous evolution of humans and the human immunodeficiency virus ({HIV}) is not well characterized; many vertebrate species, including humans, exhibit remnants of other retroviruses in their genomes that question such possible endogenization of {HIV}. {W}e investigated two {HIV}-infected patients with no {HIV}-related disease and no detection with routine tests of plasma {HIV} {RNA} or cell-associated {HIV} {DNA}. {W}e used {S}anger and deep sequencing to retrieve {HIV} {DNA} sequences integrated in the human genome and tested the host humoral and cellular immune responses. {W}e noticed that viruses from both patients were inactivated by the high prevalence of the transformation of tryptophan codons into stop codons (25% overall (3-100% per gene) and 24% overall (0-50% per gene)). {I}n contrast, the humoral and/or cellular responses were strong for one patient and moderate for the other, indicating that a productive infection occurred at one stage of the infection. {W}e speculate that the stimulation of {APOBEC}, the enzyme group that exchanges {G} for {A} in viral nucleic acids and is usually inhibited by the {HIV} protein {V}if, has been amplified and made effective from the initial stage of the infection. {F}urthermore, we propose that a cure for {HIV} may occur through {HIV} endogenization in humans, as observed for many other retroviruses in mammals, rather than clearance of all traces of {HIV} from human cells, which defines viral eradication.},
  keywords = {{APOBEC} ; cure ; {DNA} integration ; endogenization ; endogenous retrovirus ; human immunodeficiency virus ; stop codon ; tryptophan ; {V}if},
  booktitle = {},
  journal = {{C}linical {M}icrobiology and {I}nfection},
  volume = {20},
  numero = {12},
  pages = {1280--1288},
  ISSN = {1198-743{X}},
  year = {2014},
  DOI = {10.1111/1469-0691.12807},
  URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/{PAR}00012719},
}