@article{PAR00012015,
  title = {{G}onad transcriptome analysis of pearl oyster {P}inctada margaritifera : identification of potential sex differentiation and sex determining genes},
  author = {{T}eaniniuraitemoana, {V}. and {H}uvet, {A}. and {L}evy, {P}. and {K}lopp, {C}. and {L}huillier, {E}. and {G}aertner-{M}azouni, {N}abila and {G}ueguen, {Y}. and {L}e {M}oullac, {G}.},
  editor = {},
  language = {{ENG}},
  abstract = {{B}ackground: {B}lack pearl farming is based on culture of the blacklip pearl oyster {P}inctada margaritifera ({M}ollusca, lophotrochozoa), a protandrous hermaphrodite species. {A}t first maturation, all individuals are males. {T}he female sex appears progressively from two years old, which represents a limitation for broodstock conditioning for aquaculture production. {I}n marine mollusks displaying hermaphroditic features, data on sexual determinism and differentiation, including the molecular sex determining cascade, are scarce. {T}o increase genomic resources and identify the molecular mechanisms whereby gene expression may act in the sexual dimorphism of {P}. margaritifera, we performed gonad transcriptome analysis. {R}esults: {T}he gonad transcriptome of {P}. margaritifera was sequenced from several gonadic samples of males and females at different development stages, using a {N}ext-{G}eneration-{S}equencing method and {RNA}seq technology. {A}fter {I}llumina sequencing, assembly and annotation, we obtained 70,147 contigs of which 62.2% shared homologies with existing protein sequences, and 9% showed functional annotation with {G}ene {O}ntology terms. {D}ifferential expression analysis identified 1,993 differentially expressed contigs between the different categories of gonads. {C}lustering methods of samples revealed that the sex explained most of the variation in gonad gene expression. {K}-means clustering of differentially expressed contigs showed 815 and 574 contigs were more expressed in male and female gonads, respectively. {T}he analysis of these contigs revealed the presence of known specific genes coding for proteins involved in sex determinism and/or differentiation, such as dmrt and fem-1 like for males, or foxl2 and vitellogenin for females. {T}he specific gene expression profiles of pmarg-fem1-like, pmarg-dmrt and pmarg-foxl2 in different reproductive stages (undetermined, sexual inversion and regression) suggest that these three genes are potentially involved in the sperm-oocyte switch in {P}. margaritifera. {C}onclusions: {T}he study provides a new transcriptomic tool to study reproduction in hermaphroditic marine mollusks. {I}t identifies sex differentiation and potential sex determining genes in {P}. margaritifera, a protandrous hermaphrodite species.},
  keywords = {{P}inctada margaritifera ; {G}ametogenesis ; {T}ranscriptome ; {D}ifferential expression ; {S}ex determinism ; {PACIFIQUE} {SUD}},
  booktitle = {},
  journal = {{B}mc {G}enomics},
  volume = {15},
  numero = {},
  pages = {art. 491},
  ISSN = {1471-2164},
  year = {2014},
  DOI = {10.1186/1471-2164-15-491},
  URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/{PAR}00012015},
}