@article{PAR00011689,
  title = {{D}eterminants of individuals' risks to 2009 pandemic influenza virus infection at household level amongst {D}jibouti city residents - {A} {C}o{P}an{F}lu cross-sectional study},
  author = {{A}ndayi, {F}. and {C}repey, {P}. and {K}ieffer, {A}. and {S}alez, {N}. and {A}bdo, {A}. {A}. and {C}arrat, {F}. and {F}lahault, {A}. and de {L}amballerie, {X}avier},
  editor = {},
  language = {{ENG}},
  abstract = {{B}ackground: {F}ollowing the 2009 swine flu pandemic, a cohort for pandemic influenza ({C}o{P}an{F}lu) study was established in {D}jibouti, the {H}orn of {A}frica, to investigate its case prevalence and risk predictors' at household level. {M}ethods: {F}rom the four city administrative districts, 1,045 subjects from 324 households were included during a face-to-face encounter between 11th {N}ovember 2010 and 15th {F}ebruary 2011. {S}ocio-demographic details were collected and blood samples were analysed in haemagglutination inhibition ({HI}) assays. {R}isk assessments were performed in a generalised estimating equation model. {R}esults: {I}n this study, the indicator of positive infection status was set at an {HI} titre of >= 80, which was a relevant surrogate to the seroconversion criterion. {A}ll positive cases were considered to be either recent infections or past contact with an antigenically closely related virus in humans older than 65 years. {A}n overall sero-prevalence of 29.1% and a geometrical mean titre ({GMT}) of 39.5% among the residents was observed. {Y}ouths, <= 25 years and the elderly, >= 65 years had the highest titres, with values of 35.9% and 29.5%, respectively. {S}ignificantly, risk was high amongst youths <= 25 years, ({OR} 1.5-2.2), residents of {D}istrict 4({OR} 2.9), students ({OR} 1.4) and individuals living near to river banks ({OR} 2.5). {B}elonging to a large household ({OR} 0.6), being employed ({OR} 0.5) and working in open space-outdoor ({OR} 0.4) were significantly protective. {O}nly 1.4% of the cohort had vaccination against the pandemic virus and none were immunised against seasonal influenza. {C}onclusion: {D}espite the limited number of incident cases detected by the surveillance system, {A}({H}1{N}1) pdm09 virus circulated broadly in {D}jibouti in 2010 and 2011. {A}ge-group distribution of cases was similar to what has been reported elsewhere, with youths at the greatest risk of infection. {F}uture respiratory infection control should therefore be tailored to reach specific and vulnerable individuals such as students and those working in groups indoors. {I}t is concluded that the lack of robust data provided by surveillance systems in southern countries could be responsible for the underestimation of the epidemiological burden, although the main characteristics are essentially similar to what has been observed in developed countries.},
  keywords = {{DJIBOUTI}},
  booktitle = {},
  journal = {{V}irology {J}ournal},
  volume = {11},
  numero = {},
  pages = {art. 13},
  ISSN = {1743-422{X}},
  year = {2014},
  DOI = {10.1186/1743-422x-11-13},
  URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/{PAR}00011689},
}