@article{PAR00011481,
  title = {{B}iostimulation as an attractive technique to reduce phenanthrene toxicity for meiofauna and bacteria in lagoon sediment},
  author = {{L}ouati, {H}. and {B}en {S}aid, {O}. and {S}oltani, {A}. and {G}ot, {P}. and {C}ravo-{L}aureau, {C}. and {D}uran, {R}. and {A}issa, {P}. and {P}ringault, {O}livier and {M}ahmoudi, {E}.},
  editor = {},
  language = {{ENG}},
  abstract = {{A} microcosm experiment was setup to examine (1) the effect of phenanthrene contamination on meiofauna and bacteria communities and (2) the effects of different bioremediation strategies on phenanthrene degradation and on the community structure of free-living marine nematodes. {S}ediments from {B}izerte lagoon were contaminated with (100 mg kg(-1)) phenanthrene and effects were examined after 20 days. {B}iostimulation (addition of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer or mineral salt medium) and bioaugmentation (inoculation of a hydrocarbonoclastic bacterium) were used as bioremediation treatments. {B}acterial biomass was estimated using flow cytometry. {M}eiofauna was counted and identified at the higher taxon level using a stereomicroscope. {N}ematodes, comprising approximately two thirds of total meiofauna abundance, were identified to genus or species. {P}henanthrene contamination had a severe impact on bacteria and meiofauna abundances with a strong decrease of nematodes with a complete disappearance of polychaetes and copepods. {B}ioremediation counter balanced the toxic effects of phenanthrene since meiofauna and bacteria abundances were significantly higher (p < 0.01) than those observed in phenanthrene contamination. {U}p to 98 % of phenanthrene removal was observed. {I}n response to phenanthrene contamination, the nematode species had different behavior: {D}aptonema fallax was eliminated in contaminated microcosms, suggesting that it is an intolerant species to phenanthrene; {N}eochromadora peocilosoma, {S}pirinia parasitifera, and {O}dontophora n. sp., which significantly (p < 0.05) increased in contaminated microcosms, could be considered as "opportunistic" species to phenanthrene whereas {A}nticoma acuminata and {C}alomicrolaimus honestus increased in the treatment combining biostimulation and bioaugmentation. {P}henanthrene had a significant effect on meiofaunal and bacterial abundances (p < 0.05), with a strong reduction of density and change in the nematode communities. {B}iostimulation using mineral salt medium strongly enhanced phenanthrene removal, leading to a decrease of its toxicity. {T}his finding opens exciting axes for the future use of biostimulation to reduce toxic effects of {PAH}s for meiofauna and bacteria in lagoon sediment.},
  keywords = {{P}henanthrene ; {B}iostimulation ; {B}acteria ; {M}eiofauna ; {F}ree-living nematodes ; {C}ommunity structure ; {B}izerte lagoon ; {TUNISIE}},
  booktitle = {},
  journal = {{E}nvironmental {S}cience and {P}ollution {R}esearch},
  volume = {21},
  numero = {5},
  pages = {3670--3679},
  ISSN = {0944-1344},
  year = {2014},
  DOI = {10.1007/s11356-013-2330-5},
  URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/{PAR}00011481},
}