@article{PAR00010932,
  title = {{M}onocyte responses in the context of {Q} fever : from a static polarized model to a kinetic model of activation},
  author = {{M}ehraj, {V}. and {T}extoris, {J}. and {B}en {A}mara, {A}. and {G}higo, {E}. and {R}aoult, {D}idier and {C}apo, {C}. and {M}ege, {J}. {L}.},
  editor = {},
  language = {{ENG}},
  abstract = {{B}ackground. {Q} fever is caused by {C}oxiella burnetii, a bacterium that persists in {M}2-polarized macrophages. {W}e wondered whether the concept of {M}1/{M}2 polarization is applicable to {Q} fever patients. {M}ethods. {M}onocytes from healthy controls were cultured with {IFN}-gamma and {IL}-4, agonists of {M}1 and {M}2 macrophages, respectively, and their gene expression was assessed using whole-genome microarrays. {S}elected biomarkers were assessed in blood from {Q} fever patients by real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction ({RT}-{PCR}). {R}esults. {M}onocytes exhibited early (6-hour) patterns of activation specific to {IFN}-gamma or {IL}-4 and a late (18-hour) pattern of common activation. {B}ecause these responses were not reducible to {M}1/{M}2 polarization, we selected biomarkers and tested their relevance in {Q} fever patients. {T}he early genes {NLRC}5, {RTP}4, and {RHOH}, which were modulated in response to {IFN}-gamma, were up-regulated in patients with acute {Q} fever, and the expression levels of the late genes {ALOX}15, {CLECSF}1, {CCL}13, and {CCL}23 were specifically increased in patients with {Q} fever endocarditis. {T}he {RHOH} and {ALOX}15 genes were associated with the activity of acute {Q} fever and {Q} fever endocarditis, respectively. {C}onclusions. {O}ur results show that the kinetic model of monocyte activation enables a dynamic approach for the evaluation of {Q} fever patients.},
  keywords = {macrophage ; microarray ; monocyte ; {Q} fever ; polarization},
  booktitle = {},
  journal = {{J}ournal of {I}nfectious {D}iseases},
  volume = {208},
  numero = {6},
  pages = {942--951},
  ISSN = {0022-1899},
  year = {2013},
  DOI = {10.1093/infdis/jit266},
  URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/{PAR}00010932},
}