@article{PAR00010122,
  title = {{T}he rhizome of the multidrug-resistant {E}nterobacter aerogenes genome reveals how new "killer bugs" are created because of a sympatric lifestyle},
  author = {{D}iene, {S}. {M}. and {M}erhej, {V}. and {H}enry, {M}. and {E}l {F}ilali, {A}. and {R}oux, {V}. and {R}obert, {C}. and {A}zza, {S}. and {G}avory, {F}. and {B}arbe, {V}. and {L}a {S}cola, {B}. and {R}aoult, {D}idier and {R}olain, {J}. {M}.},
  editor = {},
  language = {{ENG}},
  abstract = {{H}ere, we sequenced the 5,419,609 bp circular genome of an {E}nterobacter aerogenes clinical isolate that killed a patient and was resistant to almost all current antibiotics (except gentamicin) commonly used to treat {E}nterobacterial infections, including colistin. {G}enomic and phylogenetic analyses explain the discrepancies of this bacterium and show that its core genome originates from another genus, {K}lebsiella. {A}typical characteristics of this bacterium (i.e., motility, presence of ornithine decarboxylase, and lack of urease activity) are attributed to genomic mosaicism, by acquisition of additional genes, such as the complete 60,582 bp flagellar assembly operon acquired "en bloc" from the genus {S}erratia. {T}he genealogic tree of the 162,202 bp multidrug-resistant conjugative plasmid shows that it is a chimera of transposons and integrative conjugative elements from various bacterial origins, resembling a rhizome. {M}oreover, we demonstrate biologically that a {G}53{S} mutation in the pmr{A} gene results in colistin resistance. {E}. aerogenes has a large {RNA} population comprising 8 r{RNA} operons and 87 cognate t{RNA}s that have the ability to translate transferred genes that use different codons, as exemplified by the significantly different codon usage between genes from the core genome and the "mobilome." {O}n the basis of our findings, the evolution of this bacterium to become a "killer bug" with new genomic repertoires was from three criteria that are "opportunity, power, and usage" to indicate a sympatric lifestyle: "opportunity" to meet other bacteria and exchange foreign sequences since this bacteria was similar to sympatric bacteria; "power" to integrate these foreign sequences such as the acquisition of several mobile genetic elements (plasmids, integrative conjugative element, prophages, transposons, flagellar assembly system, etc.) found in his genome; and "usage" to have the ability to translate these sequences including those from rare codons to serve as a translator of foreign languages.},
  keywords = {{E}nterobacter aerogenes ; {K}lebsiella mobilis ; genome evolution ; phylogenetic analysis ; multidrug resistance ; bacterial lifestyle},
  booktitle = {},
  journal = {{M}olecular {B}iology and {E}volution},
  volume = {30},
  numero = {2},
  pages = {369--383},
  ISSN = {0737-4038},
  year = {2013},
  DOI = {10.1093/molbev/mss236},
  URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/{PAR}00010122},
}