@article{PAR00009790,
  title = {{T}he role of tephra studies in {A}frican paleoanthropology as {H}akoma {T}uff},
  author = {{W}olde{G}abriel, {G}. and {E}ndale, {T}. and {W}hite, {T}. {D}. and {T}houveny, {N}icolas and {H}art, {W}. {K}. and {R}enne, {P}. {R}. and {A}sfaw, {B}.},
  editor = {},
  language = {{ENG}},
  abstract = {{B}eginning in the 1960s, geological and paleoanthropological exploration of the {E}thiopian rift system's basins have led to the discovery and assembly of the most comprehensive record of human biological and technological change during the last 6 million years. {T}he hominid fossils, including partial skeletons, were primarily discovered in the {A}far {R}ift, the {M}ain {E}thiopian {R}ift, and in the {O}mo {B}asin of the broadly rifted zone of {SW} {E}thiopia. {T}he paleoanthropological research areas within the {SW} {A}far {R}ift that have yielded many diverse hominid species and the oldest stone tools are, from north to south, {W}oranso-{M}ille (aff. {A}rdipithecus and {A}u. afarensis), {H}adar ({A}u. afarensis, {H}omo sp.), {D}ikika ({A}u. afarensis), {G}ona ({A}r. kadabba, {A}r. ramidus, {H}. erectus, and oldest stone tools), {M}iddle {A}wash ({A}r. kadabba, {A}r. ramidus, {A}u. anamensis, {A}u. afarensis, {A}u. garhi, {H}. erectus, {H}. rhodesiensis, {H}. sapiens idaltu, and the oldest paleo-butchery locality), and {G}alili ({A}u. afarensis). {A}dditional hominid remains were discovered at {M}elka {K}unture on the banks of the {A}wash {R}iver near its source along the western margin of the central part of the {M}ain {E}thiopian {R}ift ({H}. erectus), at {K}onso ({H}. erectus and {A}. boisei), and at the southern end of the {MER}, and in the {O}mo {B}asin ({A}u. anamensis, {A}u. afarensis, {A}u. aethiopicus, {A}u. boisei, {H}. habilis, and {H}. erectus). {D}istal and sometimes proximal tephra units interbedded within fossilifeous sedimentary deposits have become key elements in this work by providing chronological and correlative control and depositional contexts. {S}everal regional tephra markers have been identified within the northern half of the eastern {A}frican rift valley in {E}thiopia and {K}enya, and in marine sediments of the {G}ulf of {A}den {R}ift and the {NW} {I}ndian {O}cean. {O}ut of the many regional tephra stratigraphic markers that range in age from the early {P}liocene (3.97 {M}a) to the late {P}leistocene (0.16 {M}a), the {S}idi {H}akoma {T}uff ({SHT}) has been more widely identified and thoroughly characterized than any of the others. {A}n age of 3.446 +/- 0.041 {M}a was determined on the {SHT} according to the most recent calibration, and it is the only regional stratigraphic marker whose source has been traced to a buried caldera in the central sector of the {M}ain {E}thiopian {R}ift. {T}his paper describes new {SHT} occurrences and presents chemical and chronological results in the context of a broader review of the importance of this key marker. {M}oreover, the geographic distributions, probable dispersal mechanisms, and importance of regional tephra units in determining the tectonic and sedimentological processes in the different rift basins of the eastern {A}frican rift valleys are considered. {P}ublished by {E}lsevier {L}td.},
  keywords = {{T}ephra ; {P}aleoanthropology ; {A}far {R}ift ; {M}ain {E}thiopian {R}ift ; {H}ominids ; {ETHIOPIE} ; {AFAR}},
  booktitle = {},
  journal = {{J}ournal of {A}frican {E}arth {S}ciences},
  volume = {77},
  numero = {},
  pages = {41--58},
  ISSN = {1464-343{X}},
  year = {2013},
  DOI = {10.1016/j.jafrearsci.2012.09.004},
  URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/{PAR}00009790},
}