@article{PAR00002827,
  title = {{S}outhern {O}cean overturning across streamlines in an eddying simulation of the {A}ntarctic {C}ircumpolar {C}urrent},
  author = {{T}r{\'e}guier, {A}.{M}. and {E}ngland, {M}.{H}. and {R}intoul, {S}.{R}. and {M}adec, {G}urvan and {L}e {S}ommer, {J}. and {M}olines, {J}.{M}.},
  editor = {},
  language = {{ENG}},
  abstract = {{A}n eddying global model is used to study the characteristics of the {A}ntarctic {C}ircumpolar {C}urrent ({ACC}) in a streamline-following framework. {P}revious model-based estimates of the meridional circulation were calculated using zonal averages: this method leads to a counter-intuitive poleward circulation of the less dense waters, and underestimates the eddy effects. {W}e show that on the contrary, the upper ocean circulation across streamlines agrees with the theoretical view: an equatorward mean flow partially cancelled by a poleward eddy mass flux. {T}wo model simulations, in which the buoyancy forcing above the {ACC} changes from positive to negative, suggest that the relationship between the residual meridional circulation and the surface buoyancy flux is not as straightforward as assumed by the simplest theoretical models: the sign of the residual circulation cannot be inferred from the surface buoyancy forcing only. {A}mong the other processes that likely play a part in setting the meridional circulation, our model results emphasize the complex three-dimensional structure of the {ACC} (probably not well accounted for in streamline-averaged, two-dimensional models) and the distinct role of temperature and salinity in the definition of the density field. {H}eat and salt transports by the time-mean flow are important even across time-mean streamlines. {H}eat and salt are balanced in the {ACC}, the model drift being small, but the nonlinearity of the equation of state cannot be ignored in the density balance.},
  keywords = {},
  booktitle = {},
  journal = {{O}cean {S}cience},
  volume = {3},
  numero = {4},
  pages = {491--507},
  year = {2007},
  URL = {https://www.documentation.ird.fr/hor/{PAR}00002827},
}